National Indigenous History Month
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About the artist: Theresa Brant is a self-taught Mohawk artist from Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory. To learn more, visit Theresa Brant Studio.
Recognizing, honouring, moving forward together
Welcome to our celebration of Indigenous History Month!
CLEO honours Indigenous History Month with this collection of resources that focus on and advance the rights of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples.
This month and Indigenous Peoples Day on June 21 bring people together to:
- learn about history from Indigenous perspectives,
- celebrate the endurance and reclamation of Indigenous cultures,
- acknowledge historical and ongoing struggles against discrimination, exclusion, and violence,
- strive towards justice, and
- work towards reconciliation.
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act became law on June 21, 2021.
The Government of Canada describes the Act as a framework for reconciliation, healing, and peace. To develop the 2023-2026 Action Plan, the government consulted with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis from across Canada. The plan sets out how to achieve the objectives of the UN Declaration, and identify measures needed to ensure federal laws are consistent with the UN Declaration.
The government is producing annual reports to chart the progress.
Organizations working to improve justice for Indigenous communities
Aboriginal Legal Services
Provides legal services, programs, and community-controlled, culturally based justice alternatives for people living in the Greater Toronto Area.
Nishnawbe-Aski Nation Legal Services
Provides culturally appropriate programs and Legal Aid Ontario services to members of the Nishnawbe Aski Nation, with a goal to promote restorative forms of justice.
Chiefs of Ontario
Represents all First Nations in Ontario and upholds their self-determination efforts in protecting and exercising their inherent and Treaty rights.
Tungasuvvingat Inuit
Provides support and services for Inuit living in Ontario, including Gladue reports and restorative justice. Programs are based on the principles of Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (IQ), the Inuit way of "knowing".
Métis Nation of Ontario
Supports the self-determination and self-governance of members of the Métis Nation. Provides programs and services, including a culturally responsive advocacy program to support Métis people in conflict with the law.
Ontario Federation of Indigenous Friendship Centres
Represents the collective interests of Friendship Centres across Ontario, where Indigenous people living in urban communities receive culturally based services, including Indigenous justice programs.
Human Rights Legal Support Centre
Provides culturally appropriate services to Indigenous people who have been discriminated against. Offers services in many languages, including Cree, Oji-Cree, Mohawk, and Ojibway.
Native Women's Association of Canada
Provides programs and advocacy to promote the social, economic, cultural, and political well-being of First Nations, Inuit, and Metis women, girls, Two-Spirit, transgender, and gender-diverse people.
2-Spirited People of the 1st Nations
Supports the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual well-being of 2-spirit people. Provides services for Indigenous community members at risk of or living with HIV, hepatitis C, and related co-infections.
Yellowhead Institute, Toronto Metropolitan University
Produces special reports and briefs as well as learning opportunities that support the reclamation of Indigenous land and life.
There are also community legal clinics across the province and some have programs and staff that support Indigenous communities. Contact your local clinic for more information.
There may be different laws that apply to people living in First Nations communities. It's a good idea to contact your nation for more information.

Indigenous Justice Strategy – Department of Justice Canada
The Department of Justice Canada worked with Indigenous communities to develop a strategy to address:
- systemic discrimination, and
- the overrepresentation of Indigenous people in the justice system.
It also includes specific ways to support the revitalization of Indigenous laws and legal orders.
CLEO resources
Steps to Justice legal information
Criminal
- Indigenous rights in criminal law
- What are my rights as an Indigenous person in youth criminal court?
Discrimination
- What can I do if I experience discrimination?
- I was discriminated against. What are my options?
- How do I make a claim to the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario?
Employment
Housing
Publications
Webinars
More legal resources
Legal Information for Indigenous People
This booklet, by the Bella Coola Legal Advocacy Program, includes information about rights and protections, Indigenous justice resources, families, prisons, the border, and income security.
Communicating Effectively with Indigenous Clients
Communicating Effectively with Indigenous Clients: Aboriginal Legal Services produced this guide to help legal professionals understand and address the barriers that Indigenous clients face when:
- building a relationship with legal counsel, and
- appearing in court.
Legal Supports Portal
Anishinabek Education System has created a searchable list of legal supports relevant to member nations.
Gladue Primer
Tungasuvvingat Inuit produced the Gladue Primer in English and Inuktitut.
Gender-Based Violence Against Two Spirit Indigenous Peoples
Gender-Based Violence Against Two Spirit Indigenous Peoples: This resource was produced by the the Centre for Research & Education on Violence Against Women & Children at Western University. It identifies barriers and suggests ways to address overly high rate of gender-based violence against two spirit people.
Nshiimenhiig: My Sisters Toolkit
The Anishinabek Nation produced this resource for women and girls who are leaving shelters and returning to their communities after experiencing intimate partner violence.
Know Your Rights Toolkit
This toolkit was produced by the Native Women’s Association of Canada. It has information for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis women and girls on making informed choices about sexual and reproductive health.
Family Homes on Reserves and Matrimonial Interests or Rights Act
This booklet by the First Nations Housing Professionals Association has information to help people understand matrimonial real property rights and estates law on reserves.
First Nations Child and Family Services and Jordan's Principle Settlement
This website has information about the settlement, the first claim period, who’s eligible, and how to make a claim.
Wellness supports
- Hope for Wellness Helpline: Offers 24-hour private and culturally-safe support services for Indigenous people across Canada. Call 1-855-242-3310 or chat online at hopeforwellness.ca.
- Talk4Healing Helpline: Beendigen’s helpline offers 24-hour support to Indigenous women across Ontario through talk, text, and chat. Call or text 1-855-554-HEAL or click on the Live Chat button on their website.
- National Indian Residential School Crisis Line: Offers 24-hour crisis support to Residential School survivors and their families. Call 1-866-925-4419.
- MMIWG Crisis Line: Offers 24-hour support for people affected by the issue of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Call 1-844-413-6649.
- Native Youth Crisis Hotline: Offers 24-hour support to Indigenous youth across Canada. Call 1-877-209-1266.
- Wellness Portal: Anishinabek Education System created this searchable database of supports and services relevant to member nations. There’s information about services on and off reserves.
Training
Serving Indigenous clients
The John Howard Society of Ontario and the Ontario Federation of Indigenous Friendship Centres produced 4 self-directed training modules for service providers and legal professionals. They focus on how to better serve Indigenous clients who are involved in the criminal justice system.
Restoring the Circle
This online training from the Native Women's Association of Canada helps service providers support 2SLGBTQ+ Indigenous clients with lived experience of gender-based violence. It covers how to offer services through a trauma-informed, culturally safe, and intersectional approach.
Indigenous Canada
This free online course offered by the University of Alberta is made up of 12 modules. It explores the different histories and contemporary perspectives of Indigenous peoples living in Canada.
Land Back
This online course is offered by the Yellowhead Institute at Toronto Metropolitan University. It looks at the ways Canada dispossesses Indigenous people of the land and the strategies communities are using to get it back.
Key documents
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action
- Principles of Reconciliation – Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
- United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (also available in some Indigenous languages on the Government of Canada website)
- FAQ on the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP): National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation
- Calls for Justice from the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
- Progress on Breathing Life into the Calls for Justice – A CFJ Progress Report
- Executive Summary: Final Report on the Missing and Disappeared Indigenous Children and Unmarked Burials in Canada – Office of the Independent Special Interlocutor
- Indigenous-Led Reparations Framework for Missing and Disappeared Indigenous Children in Canada – Office of the Independent Special Interlocutor
Contact us: If you did not find what you were looking for, send us a message at info@cleoconnect.ca.



